Canada
Canada is the northernmost country in North America. It is a decentralized federation of 10 provinces, plus 3 territories, joined together through a process called confederation and governed as a constitutional monarchy. It is bordered by the United States to the south and to the northwest. The country stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. Canada also reaches the Arctic Ocean in the north where Canada's territorial claim extends to the North Pole.
The capital of Canada is the city of Ottawa, where the nation's parliament is located, as is the residence of the Governor General, who represents the country's ceremonial head of state, Queen Elizabeth II. A former French and British colony, Canada is geographically the largest member of both La Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations.
Canada is the world's second-largest country in total area after Russia. However, it has an extremely low population density of 3 people per square kilometre as there are only 32 million Canadians. While Canada covers a larger geographic area than the neighbouring United States it has only one-ninth of the population. Canada is a modern and technologically advanced country and is energy self-sufficient. Its economy has traditionally relied heavily on its abundance of natural resources, although the modern Canadian economy has become widely diversified.
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| National motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (From Sea to Sea) | |||||
| Official languages | Federally:
English and French. See Languages below. | ||||
| Capital | Ottawa, Ontario | ||||
| Largest City | Toronto, Ontario | ||||
| Head of State | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||
| Governor General | Adrienne Clarkson | ||||
| Prime Minister | Paul Martin (Lib) | ||||
| Area - Total - % water | Ranked 2nd 9,984,670 km² 8.62% | ||||
| Population
- Total (2004) - Density | Ranked 35th
32,207,113 (July 2003 est.) 3/km² | ||||
| Independence -BNA Act -St. of Westminster -Canada Act | From the UK: July 1, 1867 December 11, 1931 April 17, 1982 | ||||
| GDP (PPP)
- Total (2002) - GDP/head | Ranked 12th
$ 923 billion $ 29,400 | ||||
| Currency | Canadian dollar ($) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC -3.5 to -8 | ||||
| National anthem | O Canada | ||||
| Royal anthem | God Save the Queen | ||||
| Internet TLD | .CA | ||||
| Calling Code | 1 | ||||